Tenses

1.      Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini.

Rumus :

(+) S + V1 (+es/s)                     
(-)  S + Do/Does + not +V1       
(?) Do/Does + not + S + V1?   

Contoh :

-          Sun Rises from east

-          We agree with the speaker’s opinion.

-          She comes to supermarket every Tuesday

-          I don’t know where to go.

-          Do you speak English?

2.      Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense adalah pola kalimat yang digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sedang berlangsung saat ini.

Rumus :

(+) S + am/is/are + Ving              
(-)  S + am/is/are + not + Ving   
(?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?            

Contoh :

-          I am going to your home tomorrow

-          I’m driving a car to Bandung now.

-          Tamara is singing a song now.

-          I am not crying

-          Are you still waiting for some one?

3.      Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Rumus :

(+) S + have/has + V3               
(-)  S + have/has + not + V3     
(?) Have/has + S + V3?             

Contoh :

-          Peter has gone just now.

-          I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.

-          I have finished my work.

-          I have not finished my homework.

-          Have you already taken a bath?

4.      Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi di masa lampau.

Rumus :

(+) S + V2 + O                         
(-)  S + did + not + Inf (V1)    
(?) Did + S + Inf (V1)               

Contoh :

-          The party started at 10.00 a.m.

-          I went to school alone yesterday.

-          You worked hard last Friday.

-          The Doctor did not go to the hospital yesterday.

-          Did the Doctor go to the hospital yesterday?

5.      Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Rumus :

(+) S + was/were + Ving             
(-)  S + was/were + not + Ving  
(?)  Was/were + S + Ving           

Contoh :

-          I was sleeping when you came.

-          She was cooking an hour ago

-          The team was playing basketball all day yesterday.

-          You weren’t listening to me when I was singing

-          Was she still reading while father called her?

6.      Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Rumus :

(+) S + Had + V3            
(-)  S + Had + not + V3   
(?)  Had + S + V3           

Contoh :

-          When he came last night, the cake had run out.

-          She had gone before you came.

-          Laura had finished her homework.

-          I hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit me

-          had you already graduated from senior high school last year?

7.      Future perfect tense 

adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu atau sebelum perbuatan lain terjadi di masa mendatang. 

Rumus :

(+) S + Will + Have + V3          
(-)  S + will + not + have + V3   
(?) Will + S + have + V3         

Contoh:

Ø  Susi will have finished her work at 3.30 p.m.

Ø  Susi will not have finished her work at 3.30 p.m.

Ø  Will Susi have finished her work at 3.30 p.m. ? 

Ø  I will have read this book by the time you arrive.

Ø  I will not have read this book by the time you arrive.